Medicinal cannabis for pain: What the evidence really says

Jun 05, 2025 Siddhartha Jana

Medicinal cannabis use rising

More Australians are being prescribed medicinal cannabis, mostly for chronic non-cancer pain, with over 700,000 approvals since 2016. Source: Canva

What is medicinal cannabis?

It includes plant-based or lab-made cannabinoids like THC and CBD, available as oils, capsules, vaporizers, sprays, or gummies. Source: Canva

Evidence of effectiveness

A 2021 review shows only small improvements in pain, sleep, and function. For meaningful pain relief in one person, 24 may need treatment. Source: Canva

Regulator's position

The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) advises cannabis only after other treatments fail, highlighting limited evidence and suggesting safer pharmaceutical-grade forms. Source: Canva

Individual responses vary

Though studies show modest effects, some patients report significant relief. Treatment effectiveness varies widely among individuals. Source: Canva

Side effects and risks

Common side effects include dizziness, sedation, nausea, and concentration issues. High-THC products increase the risk of adverse effects. Source: Canva

Drug interactions and addiction

Cannabis can interact with various medications. One in four users may develop cannabis use disorder, with potential for withdrawal symptoms. Source: Canva

Alternatives to cannabis

Exercise, CBT, and pain education are proven treatments for chronic pain and may carry fewer risks but can be harder to access in some areas. Source: Canva

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