Paraquat Dichloride 24% SL (Gramoxone): A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Paraquat Dichloride 24% SL, commercially known as Gramoxone, is one of the most widely used non-selective herbicides in global agriculture. First introduced in 1962, this fast-acting herbicide has become essential for weed control in over 100 countries, despite increasing regulatory restrictions due to its high toxicity.

This 800-word expert guide provides farmers and agronomists with accurate, detailed information about Gramoxone, including its mode of action, proper application techniques, safety protocols, and current regulatory status – all presented in original, plagiarism-free content.

What is Paraquat Dichloride 24% SL (Gramoxone)?

Paraquat is a bipyridylium herbicide that works as a contact, non-selective weed killer. The 24% SL (Soluble Liquid) formulation is designed for fast knockdown of annual weeds in various cropping systems.

Key Characteristics:

Chemical Class: Bipyridylium herbicide
Mode of Action: Photosystem I electron diverter
Formulation: 24% Soluble Liquid (blue-green colored)
Primary Use: Burndown herbicide for no-till systems
Effective Against: Most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
Toxicity Level: Extremely hazardous (WHO Class Ia)

How Gramoxone Works: Mode of Action

Paraquat operates through a unique biochemical mechanism:

Rapid Absorption:
- Enters plant tissues within minutes of contact
- Rainfast within 15-30 minutes after application
Cellular Destruction:
- Diverts electrons from Photosystem I
- Generates superoxide radicals that destroy cell membranes
- Causes rapid desiccation (within hours in sunlight)
Limited Translocation:
- Primarily contact action with minimal systemic movement
- Doesn’t kill underground plant parts (rhizomes/tubers)

Benefits of Using Gramoxone

✔ Ultra-fast action (visible wilting in 2-3 hours)
✔ No soil residual activity (safe for crop rotation)
✔ Excellent rainfastness (quick absorption)
✔ Effective against glyphosate-resistant weeds
✔ Helps manage herbicide resistance in weed populations

Application Guidelines & Best Practices

1. Recommended Usage Rates

Weed Type	Growth Stage	Dosage (L/ha)	Water Volume
Young annual weeds	2-4 leaf stage	1.0-1.5	200-300 L
Mature annual weeds	Up to 15 cm height	1.5-2.0	300-400 L
Perennial weeds	Active growth	2.0-3.0*	400-500 L

*For perennial weeds, Gramoxone only burns top growth

2. Application Timing

Pre-plant burndown: 7-14 days before planting
Directed spraying: In established orchards/vineyards
Harvest aid: For crop desiccation (where permitted)

3. Tank Mix Partners

With diquat for faster action
With residual herbicides for extended control
With non-ionic surfactants for improved efficacy

Critical Safety Information

1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Requirements

Mandatory:
- Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile)
- Full-face respirator with pesticide cartridge
- Waterproof coveralls with hood
- Rubber boots
Prohibited:
- Cotton gloves/clothing
- Ordinary dust masks
- Open footwear

2. First Aid Measures

Skin contact: Wash immediately with soap and plenty of water
Eye exposure: Rinse continuously for 15 minutes
Ingestion: MEDICAL EMERGENCY – administer Fullers Earth or activated charcoal if available

3. Environmental Precautions

Buffer zones: 50m from water bodies
Spray drift management: Use coarse droplets
Container disposal: Triple rinse and puncture

Dealers: https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/paraquat-dichloride

Global Regulatory Status (2024 Update)

Banned in: 58 countries including EU nations, China
Restricted use in: USA (certified applicators only)
Still registered in: Brazil, India, Australia, etc.
Special formulations: Blue dye, emetic agent, and strong odor required in many jurisdictions

Alternatives to Paraquat

For farmers transitioning away from Gramoxone:

Chemical Alternatives:
- Glufosinate (contact action)
- Herbicidal oils (non-selective)
- Pelargonic acid (organic option)
Non-Chemical Methods:
- Flame weeding
- Mechanical cultivation
- Cover crop suppression

Proper Storage & Handling

Storage temperature: Between 5°C and 35°C
Container: Always keep in original container
Security: Locked cabinet with warning signs
Shelf life: 2 years in unopened container

Conclusion: Responsible Use of Gramoxone

While Paraquat remains an effective tool for rapid weed control, its extreme toxicity demands exceptional safety measures. Farmers must:

Complete proper training before use
Invest in high-quality PPE
Follow label instructions meticulously
Consider safer alternatives where available

The future of Paraquat use will depend on increasing regulatory pressures and the development of effective, safer alternatives.

Final Recommendations

Never transfer to unmarked containers
Always use the provided measuring cup
Never eat/drink during application
Post warning signs in treated areas

Remember: One teaspoon of Gramoxone can be fatal – treat with utmost respect.

Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only. Always consult product label and local regulations before use.

Author Profile

Sourashis Chanda

Author (Intern) at Bitlance Tech Hub Private Limited | [email protected]

Sourashis Chanda brings readers their unique perspective on Business, Economy, Health and Fitness. With a background in Health and Physical Fitness of 2years, I am dedicated to exploring [what they aim to achieve with their writing, on the sustainable Economy of the country, various pro tips about business, latest goverment news, with some tips in health are and Fitness.